What is Autism?
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Autism are both general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development. These disorders are characterized, in varying degress, by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and repetitive behaviors.
In May of 2013, all autism disorders were merged into one umbrella diagnosis of ASD. Previously, they were recognized as distinct subtypes, including autism, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and Asperger syndrome.
In May of 2013, all autism disorders were merged into one umbrella diagnosis of ASD. Previously, they were recognized as distinct subtypes, including autism, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and Asperger syndrome.
Statistics
Autism statistics has identified around 1 in 68 American children as being on the autism spectrum. This number is a 30% increase from 1 in 88 children that were diagnosed two years ago. Studies do show that autism is four to five times more common among boys than girls. An estimated 1 in 42 boys and 1 in 189 girls are diagnosed with autism in the United States. In Arizona, 1 in 64 children are diagnosed with having Autism.
What does autism look like?
The presentation of ASD varies among individuals. It can be associated with intellectual disability, difficulties in motor coordination, sensory processing and attention, as well as physical health issues. Each person has their own combination of strengths and weaknesses.
Cognition- Some people may have a significant cognitive impairment, whiles others are gifted in some areas. Many have average or near average IQ.
Communication- Some people with ASD may not develop functional communication, while others may have speech, but not use it functionally. Still, others develop language on time and use it appropriately, but have limited social communication skills.
Socialization- Social impairment is a feature of ASD. Some may have little or no desire to socialize, and therefore, don't develop age appropriate skills. Others may have a strong desire to socialize, but have difficulty interacting appropriately.
Children with ASD may have some of the following later indicators:
-Impaired ability to initiate or sustain a conversation with others
-Absence or impairment of imaginative and social play
-Stereotyped, repetitive, or unusual use of language
-Restricted patterns of interest that are abnormal in intensity or focus
-Preoccupation with certain objects or subjects
-Inflexible adherence to specific routines or rituals
Cognition- Some people may have a significant cognitive impairment, whiles others are gifted in some areas. Many have average or near average IQ.
Communication- Some people with ASD may not develop functional communication, while others may have speech, but not use it functionally. Still, others develop language on time and use it appropriately, but have limited social communication skills.
Socialization- Social impairment is a feature of ASD. Some may have little or no desire to socialize, and therefore, don't develop age appropriate skills. Others may have a strong desire to socialize, but have difficulty interacting appropriately.
Children with ASD may have some of the following later indicators:
-Impaired ability to initiate or sustain a conversation with others
-Absence or impairment of imaginative and social play
-Stereotyped, repetitive, or unusual use of language
-Restricted patterns of interest that are abnormal in intensity or focus
-Preoccupation with certain objects or subjects
-Inflexible adherence to specific routines or rituals
How can we help children with autism?
With interventions, consistency, support, and family involvement, individuals with ASD and their families can live meaningful and productive lives with varying levels of assistance.
ASD Resources for parents and families-
Southwest Autism Research & Resource Center
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Autism Speaks
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Autism Society
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